ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI), blood lipid, serum leptin, adiponectin with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:A total of 120 patients including 40 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (papillary thyroid carcinoma group), 40 cases of nodular goiter (nodular goiter group) and 40 cases diagnosed without thyroid diseases or other metabolic diseases during the corresponding period (the control group) in Inner Mongolia People's Hospital from April 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled. The BMI of all subjects was calculated. The levels of blood lipid, serum leptin and adiponectin were detected.Results:The number of females was more than that of males in nodular goiter group and papillary thyroid carcinoma group, and the difference in gender distribution of three groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 19.024, P < 0.01). The level of BMI, leptin, triglyceride and total cholesterol of papillary thyroid carcinoma group was higher than that of the control group [(24.86±3.26) kg/m 2 vs. (20.79±2.15) kg/m 2, (0.68±0.07) ng/ml vs. (0.61±0.39) ng/ml, (1.42±0.53) mmol/L vs. (1.05±0.36) mmol/L, (4.76±0.57) mmol/L vs.(4.28±0.46) mmol/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 4.302, 3.296, 1.993 and 2.177, respectively, all P < 0.05). The level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein [(4.97±0.55) mmol/L, (2.72±0.58) mmol/L] in the nodular goiter group was higher than that in the control group [(4.28±0.46) mmol/L, (2.18±0.69) mmol/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.954 and 2.148, respectively; all P < 0.05). The level of adiponectin [(4.21±0.34) ng/ml, (4.30±0.27) ng/ml] in papillary thyroid carcinoma and nodular goiter group was lower than that in the control group [(4.87±0.27) ng/ml], and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 7.631 and 7.416, respectively; all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The increase of BMI, triglyceride, total cholesterol, serum leptin and the decrease of serum adiponectin may be related to the occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Objective To improve the recognition of Pancreatitis, Panniculitis, and Polyarthritis syndrome (PPP syndrome). Methods We described the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with PPP syndrome, including the clinical, radiological, and pathological features. Results Here we report a 67-year-old man with chronic calcified pancreatitis with multiple subcutaneous nodules and polyarthritis, but without any abdominal pain or other abdominal symptoms. His serum pancreatic amylase and lipase were markedly elevated. Abdomen CT scan showed features of chronic calcified pancreatitis. MR imaging of ankle revealed intramedullary fat necrosis. Biopsy from subcutaneous swellings revealed fat necrosis without vasculitis and typical "ghost-like cells". He failed to response to corticosteroids therapy. When the diagnosis of pancreatitis was confirmed, he was managed conservatively with supportive measures, and recovered. Conclusion The diagnosis of PPP syndrome is often difficult when abdominal symptoms are absent, be aware the association between panniculitis and polyarthritis with pancreatic disease may lead to a prompt diagnosis and management.
ABSTRACT
Objective To improve the recognition of Pancreatitis, Panniculitis, and Polyarthritis syndrome (PPP syndrome). Methods We described the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with PPP syndrome, including the clinical, radiological, and pathological features. Results Here we report a 67-year-old man with chronic calcified pancreatitis with multiple subcutaneous nodules and polyarthritis, but without any abdominal pain or other abdominal symptoms. His serum pancreatic amylase and lipase were markedly elevated. Abdomen CT scan showed features of chronic calcified pancreatitis. MR imaging of ankle revealed intramedullary fat necrosis. Biopsy from subcutaneous swellings revealed fat necrosis without vasculitis and typical "ghost-like cells". He failed to response to corticosteroids therapy. When the diagnosis of pancreatitis was confirmed, he was managed conservatively with supportive measures, and recovered. Conclusion The diagnosis of PPP syndrome is often difficult when abdominal symptoms are absent, be aware the association between panniculitis and polyarthritis with pancreatic disease may lead to a prompt diagnosis and management.
ABSTRACT
As an important incentive for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases, obesity after cardiovascular disease and cancer has been listed as the third largest threat to human health by World Health Organization. Recent research has shown that obesity is associated with colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer, endometrial cancer, however, it has not been fully disclosed that the mechanism could lead to an increased risk of tumors. Leptin and adiponectin are a kind of hormone secreted by adipose tissue, which involve in the energy metabolism, and play an increasing significant role in the tumors' affecting factors.
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose:Drug resistance is a major cause of failure in lung cancer chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of YAP on doxorubicin resistance in lung cancer and its underlying mechanism. Methods:Doxorubicin resistant lung cancer cell clones were established from parental sensitive cancer PC9 cell line via in vitroinduction, and the expression of YAP was analyzed. YAP was down-regulated via shRNA to different levels. MTS assay was employed to determine cell proliferation and drug sensitivity. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and uptake of Rh-123. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) assay were used to determine the expression of ABCB1, ABCC1, p53, Runx2, ITGB2 and ErbB4. The phosphory-lation of serine/threonine kinase (AKT) was determined as well.Results:Doxorubicin resistant PC9/Adr cell clone was obtained with over-expressed YAP. Expression of YAP in PC9/Adr cells was down-regulated to different levels via shR-NA. After YAP silencing, cell proliferation was reduced, while sensitivity to doxorubicin was increased. The cell cycle was significantly halted by G0/G1 phase. Doxorubicin induced-apoptotic rate and cellular uptake of Rh-123 were increased,with positive correlation to YAP silencing level. Western blot and QRT-PCR results showed that after YAP silencing, ABCB1, ABCC1, Runx2, ITGB2, and ErbB4 proteins were down-regulated, while the expression of p53 was up-regulated. Phosphorylation of AKT was inhibited as well.Conclusion:Over-expression of YAP is involved in doxorubicin resistance in PC9/Adr cell line. Silencing of YAP could restore doxorubicin sensitivity. The mechanism involves regulation of drug resistance-related genes and promotion of apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
Background:Gastric cancer is one of the malignant tumors with highest morbidity and mortality,and the early change of molecular marker in gastric mucosal lesion is the hot spot of gastric cancer study. Aims:To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of trefoil factor 2(TFF2),claudin 18(CLDN18),mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)in gastric mucosal lesions. Methods:Gastroscopy biopsies and surgery specimens from Dec. 2008 to May 2009 at Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital were collected,including 20 normal gastric mucosal tissues,20 intestinal metaplasia tissues,11 dysplasia tissues and 20 gastric cancer tissues. The protein expressions of TFF2, CLDN18, MUC5AC were determined by immunohistochemical SP method. Results:The positive expression rates of TFF2,CLDN18 and MUC5AC in normal gastric mucosal tissues were all 100% ,and were gradually decreased in the order of intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia and gastric cancer tissue,the differences were statistically significant(P < 0. 01). Conclusions:Expressions of TFF2,CLDN18 and MUC5AC protein are closely related to the degree of malignancy of gastric mucosal lesions,and can be considered as a potential biological marker for predicting the development and prognosis of gastric cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To identify biomarkers associated with the differentiated phenotype based on gene expression profiling of gastric cancer. Methods Two bioinformatic methods, BAGEL and k-TSP, were used to identify featured genes associated with differentiation in gastric cancer samples based on the Oligo gene chip data, and ROC curves were used to verify the classification sensitivity and specificity of the identified genes. Finally, a total of 30 gastric cancer samples with different differentiation levels were collected for laboratory validation using real-time PCR analyses. Results A total of 121 differentially expressed genes were identified using the BAGEL algorithm, the criterion were FC ＞ 2. 0 and P ＜ 0. 001.Then, the k-TSP algorithm for feature selection based on this differential expression data were used, and 3 groups of featured genes which had potential to classify poor and well differentiation gastric cancer samples were identified, including MYLIP and TMPRSS3, ZNF266 and TM4SF1, SNAI2 and CNFN. To define the featured gene groups that had the highest classification capability, ROC curves to calculate the classification sensitivity and specificity of each gene group were used. The results showed that the combination of SNAI2and CNFN as a classifier had the highest classification sensitivity and specificity. Real-time PCR results showed that 18 of 22 poor differentiation samples were found with high expression of SNAI2 and low expression of CNFN (82%); 6 of 8 well differentiation samples were of low expression of SNAI2 and high expression of CNFN (75%). Conclusion The results indicate that SNAI2 and CNFN are constantly expressed in poor or well differentiation gastric cancer samples, and the expression pattern of these two genes is opposite. These results indicate that SNAI2 and CNFN have the potential for the identification of the differentiation level of gastric cancer.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nerve root could be directly or indirectly entrapped due to lateral backward prolapse of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc, as well as parenchymal inflammatory tumefaction of the soft tissues in nerve root tube. But the factors and their severity related to cervical nerve entrapment at cervical intervertebral foramen and spinal nervous sulcus still need further studies.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the occurrence rate of cervical nerve entrapment at cervical intervertebral foramen and spinal nervous sulcus and the severity of cervical syndrome.DESIGN: A single sample study.SETTING: Department of Anatomy, Department of Geriatrics of the Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Teaching Affairs, Chengde Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: The research was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chengde Medical College. Totally 120 sides of 60 cadavers(28 males and 32 females) were provided by the Department of Anatomy.METHODS: The outside diameters of cervical intervertebral foramen and spinal nerve root, as well as the width of external opening of spinal nerve sulcus and transverse diameter width of the anterior branch of intra-spinal nerve were measured, and the data were dealt with statistically.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ratio of transversal diameter of the forepart of cervical nerves to the width of spinal nerve sulcus; the ratio of the peripheral diameter of cervical nerve roots to the size of intervertebral foramen; the occurrence rate where the ratio was ≥ 1.RESULTS: The ratio between cervical nerve root and intervertebral foramen was significantly larger than that between spinal nerve root and spinal nerve sulcus( t = 2.66, P ＜ 0.01 ). The occurrence rate of cervical nerve entrapment at the intervertebral foramen(24.6% ) was higher than that in spinal nerve sulcus(6.3% ), and the difference had a considerable statistical significance(x2 =6.95, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the spinal nerve may be entrapped in the cervical intervertebral foramen and the spinal nervous sulcus, and the spinal nerve lesions in the cervical intervertebral foramen was more serious than in the spinal nervous sulcus. Therefore, in clinic, when diagnosing and treating cervical spondylosis, while nerve entrapment at the intervertebral foramen is fully considered, the possibility of nerve entrapment at the spinal nervous sulcus should not be neglected.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Whether nerve root is involved or not in cervical spondylosis of nerve root type is related not only to stenosis of bone canal and inflammatory disorder and swelling in peripheral soft tissues, but also to the relevant size of external diameter of nerve root.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the anatomical factors of cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with occurrence rate of involved cervical nerve in cervical intervertebral foramen and sulcus of spinal nerve.DESIGN: Single sample observation was designed.SETTING: Department of Anatomy of Chengde Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 sides of 60 adult corpses were employed with formaldehyde fixation (28 cases of male and 32 cases of female).METHODS: Sixty adult corpses were measured with the vernier of 0.02 mm spinal nerve and the transverse diameter of anterior branch (A-diameter) of superoinferior diameter (S - I diameter) of cervical intervertebral foramen and its spinal nerve root. The ratios were calculated between A-diameter cervical nerve and E-diameter of the corresponding sulcus of spinal nerve and between A - P diameter and S - I diameter of spinal nerve root and those of corresponding intervertebral foramen respectively. The rates of occurrence were concluded for those cervical nerves whose A-diameter larger than or equal to E-diameter of sulcus of spinal nerves and for those spinal nerve roots whose rations larger than or equal to those of corresponding intervertebral foramens.cervical nerve in C3-6 larger than or equal to E-diameter of sulcus of spinal nerve roots in C3-6 larger than or equal to those of corresponding intervertebral foramens.RESULTS: Totally 120 sides of 60 corpses were measured (56 cases of male wedge pressure in intervertebral foramen of cervical nerve root for both male and female, of which, that of female was remarkably superior to the male was 6. 3% for wedge pressure of anterior branch of cervical spinal nerve in sulcus in spinal nerve for both male and female, of which, that of male was remarkably superior to the female(8.9%, 3.9%, χ2 = 6.65, P ＜ 0. 01 ).CONCLUSION: The involvement of cervical nerve is related not only to the stenosis of bone canal but also to the injury of peripheral soft tissues. By the ratios between E-diameter of nerve root and intervertebral foramen and between A-diameter of cervical nerve and E-diameter of sulcus of spinal nerve, those ≥ 1 can be obtained directly as the rate of occurrence of nerve compression.
ABSTRACT
The carcinogenesis and development is a progress of multi-gene alterations in the human gastric cancer (HGC)．In order to determine the relation between the aberration of these genes and gastric cancer，we chose c-met (7q31)、hMLH1 (3p21)、E-cadherin (16q22.1) and HLA loci DQA1、DR2、DR3、DR4、DR7、DR9 and detected their changes in 32 tumor specimens of intestinal type HGC and 4 cell lines of gastric cancer by performing analysis of SSP/PCR、PCR/SSCP and MSI technigues．Our data show that none point mutation was detected in c-met gene．We examined two microsatellites loci D3S1298 and D3S1561 in hMLH1 gene and detected that 6 cases retain MSI (Microsatellite Instability) and 2 cases of LOH (Loss of Heterozygosity) at D3S1298 and 2 cases of MSI at D3S1561．We also examined E-cadherin gene at two microsatellites loci D16S3083 and D16S3095 close to the gene and detected that 5 cases retain MSI and 1 case of LOH at D16S3083 and no change at D16S3095．The point mutation incidence of HLA-DR4 loci is 9/20 (45%)，higher than the other loci in HLA-Ⅱ．High frequent deletion，expression deregulation and methylation of mts1/p16 gene were detected in cell lines and solid tumors from human gastric cancer patients． Our data showed that the point mutation of c-met gene is not the main pattern of alteration in intestinal type HGC that is consistent with the previous results．E-cadherin and hMLH1 are related to intestinal type HGC but whether they are susceptibility gene still need further study．The point mutation of the HLA-Ⅱ loci DR4 is closely related to intestinal type HGC．Methylation of mts1/p16 gene 5 CpG island might be plays an important role in the carcinogenesis in HGC．